Haj, Handicap for the Antiquity, q
Diary of your own American Oriental People 58: 235-forty. Supposed representations from Mani or Manes, c. 216-276 Le, try chatted about, which have planning of tradition noted because of the al-Nadim (writing c. 987 Ce) you to definitely Mani was lame both in base or perhaps in their proper feet. You to customs will be supported by retranslation out-of a phrase for the new Pahlavi Denkart (step 3.200, 1-13) (select Dinkard, above), applying the label ’broken’ otherwise ’crippled’ so you’re able to Mani (come across less than, al-Nadim, Fihrist, pp. 773, 794).
Right here, centered on Michael Dols, the guy discussed “bodily infirmities instance surface problems, lameness, paralysis, and you can deafness and personal services for example baldness, leanness, and ugliness
Al-JAHIZ (Abu Othman Amr bin Bahr). Al-Barsan wal-Argan wal-Umyan wal-Hawlan [The brand new Lepers, the fresh new Lame, the newest Blind, therefore the Squinting], ed. Abdel-Salam Haroun (1998). Cairo. Al-Jahiz (776-868) was a respected, influential and you may somewhat unattractive author which have ’goggle eyes’ (jahiz), during the Basra (today inside the Iraq), whoever really works could have been much cited along the Arab world. ” Their aim was to demonstrate that “physical infirmities and peculiarities don’t hinder a single off getting a totally active person in the fresh Muslim people otherwise club him of crucial offices. Al-Jahiz managed that actual ailments commonly societal stigmas but are what tends to be titled signs of divine blessing or choose.” (Meters Dols, 1983, New leper during the Gothic Islamic society. Speculum 58: 891-916, into p. 901) Even with his very own exposure to negative social responses, al-Jahiz in another of their best-recognized works, ’The Secret off Creation’, penned harshly about personal regions of deafness. Apart from the deaf man or woman’s loss of tunes, “People are annoyed in the providers in which he is a weight on them. He is unable to pay attention to some of the people’s stories and you will talks. Even in the event expose it is like he was indeed missing, and although alive it is since if the guy was dead.” (cited because of the F. v., p. 159). Discover second circumstances. A different commentator notes you to “Al-Barsan wal-Argan. ” is one of difficult functions Jahiz, and its procedure is practically novel when you look at the historic Arabic books. (Here cannot be seemingly an English interpretation offered by present).
JAIN, Jagdish C (1947) Lifetime within the Ancient India because Illustrated regarding the Jain Canons. Bombay: The new Guide Providers. Sickness and you may medication, together with various disabilities, away from Jaina present (pp. 178-81). People with disabilities, and additionally rational retardation, was excluded out-of signing up for spiritual sales (194). Come across Tattvartha Sutra, below; plus second one or two factors).
[JAINA Texts] Gaina Sutras translated off Prakrit, transl. Hermann Jacobi, 2 vols, (1884 and you will 1895), SBE twenty-two & forty-five, Oxford: Clarendon. [The newest SBE show put a keen italicised ’G’ as opposed to ’J’, certainly causes. Here ’Gaina’ could have been reinserted about regular alphabetical acquisition for benefits.] – The brand new Akaranga Sutra (from inside the vol. I), from perhaps the 5th century Ce, provided education having a great holy and harmless life. Disability and you may impairment appear, age.g. “for the deterioration of your perceptions of ear, eye, organs of smelling, tasting, touching, men becomes alert to the new refuse of lives” (vol. I: p. 15) [Bk I (2) 1]. Fruits of wrong serves into the before existence try: “Boils and leprosy, application, falling disorder, blindness and you can firmness, lameness and you can humpbackedness, Dropsy and you will dumbness, lookup! apoplexy (?) and eye-disease, trembling and you can crippledness, elephantiasis and you may diabetes, These are the 16 ailment enumerated during the owed buy; as well as them of several afflictions and injuries occur.” (I: 54) [Bk We (6) step one.] Yet , proper-minded some body is always to make sure to have fun with harmless terms and conditions whenever meeting you aren’t eg conditions. It “must not talk ones like this: ’He has got comes otherwise leprosy, etcetera [including this new terms baДџlantД±ya bir gГ¶z atД±n and conditions shown a lot more than]; his hand try reduce, or their legs, nostrils, ear canal, lip are slash.’ To own as every such people, spoken so you’re able to this kind of words, getting upset, and that, provided well, they have to not speak to them such code.” (I: 152-53) [Bk II, (4) dos.] – The fresh new Uttaradhyayana Sutra (during the Vol. II) and additionally notes handicap which have ageing, “In the event the human body expands old, plus tresses converts light, the effectiveness of their ears decreases”, also with the sight, nose, tongue, touch (II: p. 44) [chapter X]. – This new Sutrakritanga Sutra (inside Vol. II) mentions when you look at the passing brand new “blind-born man” (p. 243), and you will “guys who walk-on crutches” (p. 269). Monks hankering just after relationship is actually warned of your terrible disablement regarding that condition: getting ordered on the off start till midnight by spouse, plus the remaining night comforting babies and you can laundry the nappies (pp. 275-78). Monks which be a part of sensual delights was guaranteed nonetheless bad vexation once they perish; after which it “could well be produced deaf-and-dumb, or blind [footnote: often blind by the birth, otherwise certainly dumb or unaware], otherwise dumb of the birth.” (p. 363; comparable on pp. 367, 430) [Bk 2 (2); and you will dos (7)].